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ev twin

The sub system ev twin defines the charging behavior of the electric vehicle (EV) and shows the highest level for definition. In the mask it contains predefined EV types with data collected from public data mostly from ADAC and EV-Database. These data mainly contain information defined in the tabs. If the combo box EV Type is selected to user defined the car can be defined by the user on the following tabs

  • EV: car itself, e.g. mass, consumption, see details of the pre defined EV in section EV Models
  • battery: Capacity, voltage level, maximum current depended on the SOC
  • AC: defines the on board charger (OBC). Beside maximum power also the type of converter can be selected with the check box asymmetric phase loading. If activate 3 single phase converters will be placed and e.g. 1 phase charging will be possible.
  • DC: defines the maximum powers and current in case of DC charging and the parameters for the ISO15118 communication
  • HI Connect: organizes the interaction with the analog and digital inputs and outputs. It is important to define the pin setup if the HIL-Connect is connected to the top or bottom row of the HIL-computer.
    • The checkboxes sensor emulation emulate the sensors for temperature measurement and the lock actuator in the CCS-interface, this is e.g. useful for V-HIL only applications.
    • the checkboxes measurement include the evaluation of analog inputs for AC and DC measurements.

The model is prepared for Power-HIL application.

component component dialog parameters
property tabs
  1. EV
  2. Battery
  3. AC
  4. DC
  5. HIL_Connect
  6. Info

block diagram

The sub system ev twin contains several high level components that also can be used to model individual EV emulation. The block CCS organized interacting with the external equipment of the HIL-computer. Power Unit contains battery, on board charger and a simple battery management BMS. The charging is organized by the EV charge controller EVCC, which handles external communication to the EVSE, user interaction and the interaction with BMS. With the connected user interface EVCC UI data are available in SCADA for controlling the EV emulation.

input and output

ev twin has connection to the Power Grid, where it can be charged either with AC or DC. Signals can be collected from the single blocks using Signal Picker Source. Many signals of the EVCC are accessible via EVCC UI.

Note: All input and output values are executed with the lower execution rate.

input

Number Input Description Signal range Default
0 CCS_Switch locking (1) and unlocking (0) the CCS inlet 0 or 1 0
1 Start_Charge Starts charging if inp is 1. 0 or 1 0
2 I_request Charging current requested by the user. float 0
3 Bat_Condition Enables Conditioning of battery. 0 or 1 0
4 Bat_Reset Resets the battery control in case of a failure. 0 or 1 0
5 Stop_Charging Stops charging if inp is 1. 0 or 1 0
6 T amb ambient temperature float 20

output

Number Output Description
0 PP_connected digital output describing if the PP-contact is connected.
1 PP_Imax maximum current coded in the CCS plug for the the cable. This is needed for charging according to IEC61851, if there is no higher level communication.
2 PP_state integer variable coding the current state of the PP-contact
PP_STATE_ERROR = -1
PP_STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0
PP_STATE_CONNECTED = 1
PP_STATE_DEPRESSED = 2
3 CP_status integer variable coding the evaluated state of the CP-contact
CP_STATE_ERROR = -1
CP_STATE_A = 0
CP_STATE_B = 1
CP_STATE_C = 2
4 CP_Imax maximum current that is coded via the duty cycle on CP-contact [A]
5 CCS_locked digital output describing if the CCS-interface is locked
6 CC_Imax maximum current then the EVCC allows as a result of CP, PP and BMS
7 ch_enabled digital output describing if charging is enabled
8 Iset_a current settling value for phase A
9 Iset_b current settling value for phase B
10 Iset_c current settling value for phase C
11 SOC float value for the current battery state of charge [%/100]
12 Vbat battery voltage [V]
13 Ibat battery current [A]
14 DC_status integer variable coding the current state of the duty cycle on CP-contact
DC_STATE_ERROR = -1
DC_STATE_DC = 1 (maximum current is defined by duty cycle)
DC_STATE_HLC = 2 (high level communication necessary)
15 T bat battery temperature [°C]
16 Vrms a voltage RMS on AC side of OBC phase A [V]
17 Vrms b voltage RMS on AC side of OBC phase B [V]
18 Vrms c voltage RMS on AC side of OBC phase C [V]
19 P active power of OBC [W]
21 Q reactive power of OBC [var]
22 S apparent power of OBC [VA]
23 PF power factor of OBC
24 I dc DC current at the CCS-interface [A]
25 Cbat nominal capacity of the battery [Ah]
26 Vbat nom nominal voltage of the battery [V]
27 EV consumption consumption of the EV [Wh/km]
28 Imax OBC maximum current of OBC (AC side) [A]

SCADA

For the interaction with ev twin we suggest the SCADA with same name.

Component dialogue box and parameters

The ev twin subsystem is organized in six tabs defining the emulated EV.

Tab 1 - EV

Parameter Code Name Description
faster execution rate Tn The Faster execution rate at which control of power electronic of the inner signal processing of the component will be executed. Should be approximately 5 to 10 times faster than the Slower execution rate. [s]
slower execution rate Tslow The Slower execution rate, at which part of the inner signal processing of the communication components will be executed. This execution rate is identical by the connected UI subsystem. Should be approximately 5 to 10 times slower than the Faster execution rate. [s]
EV Type ev_type Typ of the EV can be selected in the combo box. This is defines and blocks many parameters. If User defined is selected the EV can be defined by the user.
Consumption Wh_per_kWh Mean consumption of the EV is used in user interface to calculate charging speed. [Wh/km]
Mass mass Mass of the EV [kg]
Bidirectional charging AC bidi_AC Checkbox if EV can charge bidirectional in AC mode. I.e. the OBC allows negative currents.
DC Charging dc_fast_charging_possible Checkbox if the EV is prepared for DC fast charging.
Bidirectional charging DC bidi_DC Checkbox if the EV is set up for bidirectional charging via DC contacts

Tab 2 - Battery

Parameter Code Name Description
Capacity bat_cap Nominal capacity of the battery [Wh]
Battery voltage bat_volt Nominal Voltage of the battery [V]
Maximum current bat_current_max maximum current of the battery [A]
charging complete soc soc_full state of charge, when the battery is considered fully charged [%]
bulk charging soc soc_bulk state of charge , when the battery shall operate in bulk charge mode.Must be smaller than charge complete soc [%]
Power limits points_power vector with power limits, corresponding to the SOC limits [W]
SOC limit points points_soc vector of state of charges as x-value for Power limit [%]
preview Button showing the Power limitation dependent on the SOC.

Tab 3 - AC

The tab AC defines the on board charger and its time behavior with ramps, etc..

Parameter Code Name Description
nominal grid voltage (line) Vgrid nominal grid voltage (phase to phase) for control of OBC [V]
nominal grid frequency fgrid nominal grid frequency for the control 0f OBC [Hz]
asymmetric phase loading single_ph Depending on the check box the OBC is exchanged. If value is True 3 single phase converters is integrated and asymmetric phase loading is possible. Otherwise the Bidirectional AC-DC Converter (Generic) is used.
Onboard charger active power onboard_charger_power maximum active power of the OBC [W]
Onboard charger apparent power Sn_ac maximum apparent power of the OBC [VA]
delay start charging Tstart delay time at beginning of charging until first set point is settled [s]
delay change power Tchange delay time at change of power until the change starts [s]
rate of change startup roc_start maximum rate of change to settle the first reference in case of start charging [1/s]
rate of change stop roc_stop minimum rate of change to control to 0 power in case of stop charging [1/s]
rate of change up roc_up maximum rate of change to settle a higher reference value during the charging process [1/s]
rate of change down roc_down minimum rate of change to settle a lower reference value during th charging process in case of start charging [1/s]

Tab 4 - DC

Parameter Code Name Description
DC charging power dc_fast_charging_power maximum power in case of DC fast charging [W]
DC max current limit Imax_dc maximum DC fast charging current [A]
DC max voltage limit Vmax_dc maximum DC fast charging voltage [V]
Voltage Accuracy voltage_accuracy voltage accuracy of DC voltage in case of ISO 15118 communication [V]
Pre Charging Current pre_charge_current Current in case of pre charging just in the initialization of the charging process
Log Level log_level Defines the log level for ISO 15118 communication
Log Output log_output Defines the log output for ISO 15118 communication

Tab 5 - HIL Connect

Parameter Code Name Description
Pin out setting HIL Connect pout Combobox defining how the HIL Connect is connected to the HIL-Computer
internal T sensor emulation int_T Checkbox enabling internal temperature sensor emulation. If activated the temperature sensors of the CCS-interface are emulated in a temperature range that allows charging. This is mandatory for V-HIL.
internal Rlock emulation int_R Checkbox enabling internal emulation of the feedback from the CCS-interface. If activated the feedback follows the switching actions initiated by EVCC. This is mandatory for V-HIL.
activate AC measurement AC checkbox activates the measurement of AC voltage and current by the HIL connect via analog signals
activate DC measurement DC checkbox activates the measurement of DC voltage and current by the HIL connect via analog signals
CP HW filter C3n2 C3n2 checkbox connects a capacitor with 3n2 to the CP-contact on CCS-board.
CP HW filter C1n6 C1n6 checkbox connects a capacitor with 1n6 to the CP-contact on CCS-board.
CP HW filter C800p C800p checkbox connects a capacitor with 800p to the CP-contact on CCS-board.
CP HW filter C400p C400p checkbox connects a capacitor with 400p to the CP-contact on CCS-board.
CP HW filter C200p C200p checkbox connects a capacitor with 200p to the CP-contact on CCS-board.
CP HW filter C100p C100p checkbox connects a capacitor with 100p to the CP-contact on CCS-board.
cut of frequency CP Vpeak fc_CP_Vp includes a cut off frequency for the measured peak of the CP signal [Hz]
rate limit CP duty cycle (+/-) rate_lim_dc limits the rate of change for the detected duty cycle of CP-signal

Tab 6 - Info

Parameter Code Name Description
Source source Source for the EV selected
Source bat voltage source_bat_v Source 2 for the EV selected

EV Models

Tesla Mdl.3

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 14.3 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 1684 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 58000.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 357.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 476 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 11000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 170000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/tesla/model-3/1generation/308033/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1591/Tesla-Model-3-Long-Range-Dual-Motor

Tesla Mdl.Y

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 16.9 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 1979 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 79000.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 357.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 700 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 11000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 250000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/tesla/model-y/1generation/297992/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1619/Tesla-Model-Y-Long-Range-Dual-Motor

Volvo XC40

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 23.8 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 2188 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 75000.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 400.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 375 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 11000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 150000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/volvo/xc40/1generation-facelift/324772/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1798/Volvo-XC40-Recharge-Twin-Motor

Hyundai Ioniq 5

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 17.7 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 2095 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 72600.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 697.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 316 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 11000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 220000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/hyundai/ioniq-5/1generation/319560/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1663/Hyundai-IONIQ-5-Long-Range-AWD

Audi Q4 e-tron

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 16.8 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 2125 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 77000.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 400.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 338 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 11000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 135000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/audi/q4-e-tron/fz/320188/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1490/Audi-Q4-e-tron-40

Audi Q8 e-tron

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 20.7 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 2585 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 106000.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 397.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 428 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 22000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 170000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/audi/q8-e-tron/ge/326605/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1770/Audi-Q8-e-tron-55-quattro

Dacia Spring

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 13.9 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 1045 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 26800.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 240.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 125 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 3700.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 30000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/dacia/spring/1generation/319933/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1705/Dacia-Spring-Electric-45

Fiat 500e

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 13.9 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 1440 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 37300.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 355.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 239 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 11000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 85000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/fiat/500/f1a/326122/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1285/Fiat-500e-Hatchback-42-kWh

Porsche Taycan

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 20.9 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 2385 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 83700.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 725.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 372 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 22000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 270000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/porsche/taycan/y1a/322528/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1622/Porsche-Taycan-Plus-Sport-Turismo

Renault Megane EV60

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 15.7 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 1783 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 60000.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 352.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 369 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 22000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 130000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/renault/megane/v/322268/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1521/Renault-Megane-E-Tech-EV60-220hp

Renault ZOE

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 17.2 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 1577 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 52000.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 350.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 143 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 22000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 50000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/renault/zoe/1generation-facelift/301605/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1164/Renault-Zoe-ZE50-R110

Skoda Enyaq

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 16.9 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 2255 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 77000.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 400.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 312 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 11000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 125000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/skoda/enyaq/1generation/323416/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1631/Skoda-Enyaq-Coupe-iV-RS

VW ID.3

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 14.9 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 1821 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 58000.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 350.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 343 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 11000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 120000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/vw/id3/1generation-facelift/326861/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1832/Volkswagen-ID3-Pro-S---4-Seats

VW ID.5

Tab Parameter Value
EV Consumption 16.4 kWh/100km
EV Mass vehicle 2118 kg
EV bidiractional AC charging False
EV DC charging possible True
EV bidirectional DC charging False
Battery battery capacity 77000.0 Wh
Battery Battery voltage 350.0 V
Battery Maximum battery currenrt 386 A
AC Onboard Charger Power 11000.0 W
AC delay start charging 5.0 s
AC delay change power 0.5 s
AC rate of change start 5.0 1/s
AC rate of change stop -10.0 1/s
AC rate of change up 2.5 1/s
AC rate of change down -10.0 1/s
DC DC charging power max 135000.0 W
Source https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/vw/id5/1generation/322564/#technische-daten
Source https://ev-database.org/car/1913/Volkswagen-ID5-Pro-Performance