The sub system ev twin defines the charging behavior of the electric vehicle (EV) and shows the highest level for definition. In the mask it contains predefined EV types with data collected from public data mostly from ADAC and EV-Database. These data mainly contain information defined in the tabs. If the combo box EV Type is selected to user defined the car can be defined by the user on the following tabs
EV: car itself, e.g. mass, consumption, see details of the pre defined EV in section EV Models
battery: Capacity, voltage level, maximum current depended on the SOC
AC: defines the on board charger (OBC). Beside maximum power also the type of converter can be selected with the check box asymmetric phase loading. If activate 3 single phase converters will be placed and e.g. 1 phase charging will be possible.
DC: defines the maximum powers and current in case of DC charging and the parameters for the ISO15118 communication
HI Connect: organizes the interaction with the analog and digital inputs and outputs. It is important to define the pin setup if the HIL-Connect is connected to the top or bottom row of the HIL-computer.
The checkboxes sensor emulation emulate the sensors for temperature measurement and the lock actuator in the CCS-interface, this is e.g. useful for V-HIL only applications.
the checkboxes measurement include the evaluation of analog inputs for AC and DC measurements.
The model is prepared for Power-HIL application.
component
component dialog
parameters
property tabs
EV
Battery
AC
DC
HIL_Connect
Info
block diagram
The sub system ev twin contains several high level components that also can be used to model individual EV emulation. The block CCS organized interacting with the external equipment of the HIL-computer. Power Unit contains battery, on board charger and a simple battery management BMS. The charging is organized by the EV charge controller EVCC, which handles external communication to the EVSE, user interaction and the interaction with BMS. With the connected user interface EVCC UI data are available in SCADA for controlling the EV emulation.
input and output
ev twin has connection to the Power Grid, where it can be charged either with AC or DC.
Signals can be collected from the single blocks using Signal Picker Source.
Many signals of the EVCC are accessible via EVCC UI.
Note: All input and output values are executed with the lower execution rate.
input
Number
Input
Description
Signal range
Default
0
CCS_Switch
locking (1) and unlocking (0) the CCS inlet
0 or 1
0
1
Start_Charge
Starts charging if inp is 1.
0 or 1
0
2
I_request
Charging current requested by the user.
float
0
3
Bat_Condition
Enables Conditioning of battery.
0 or 1
0
4
Bat_Reset
Resets the battery control in case of a failure.
0 or 1
0
5
Stop_Charging
Stops charging if inp is 1.
0 or 1
0
6
T amb
ambient temperature
float
20
output
Number
Output
Description
0
PP_connected
digital output describing if the PP-contact is connected.
1
PP_Imax
maximum current coded in the CCS plug for the the cable. This is needed for charging according to IEC61851, if there is no higher level communication.
2
PP_state
integer variable coding the current state of the PP-contact PP_STATE_ERROR = -1 PP_STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0 PP_STATE_CONNECTED = 1 PP_STATE_DEPRESSED = 2
3
CP_status
integer variable coding the evaluated state of the CP-contact CP_STATE_ERROR = -1 CP_STATE_A = 0 CP_STATE_B = 1 CP_STATE_C = 2
4
CP_Imax
maximum current that is coded via the duty cycle on CP-contact [A]
5
CCS_locked
digital output describing if the CCS-interface is locked
6
CC_Imax
maximum current then the EVCC allows as a result of CP, PP and BMS
7
ch_enabled
digital output describing if charging is enabled
8
Iset_a
current settling value for phase A
9
Iset_b
current settling value for phase B
10
Iset_c
current settling value for phase C
11
SOC
float value for the current battery state of charge [%/100]
12
Vbat
battery voltage [V]
13
Ibat
battery current [A]
14
DC_status
integer variable coding the current state of the duty cycle on CP-contact DC_STATE_ERROR = -1 DC_STATE_DC = 1 (maximum current is defined by duty cycle) DC_STATE_HLC = 2 (high level communication necessary)
15
T bat
battery temperature [°C]
16
Vrms a
voltage RMS on AC side of OBC phase A [V]
17
Vrms b
voltage RMS on AC side of OBC phase B [V]
18
Vrms c
voltage RMS on AC side of OBC phase C [V]
19
P
active power of OBC [W]
21
Q
reactive power of OBC [var]
22
S
apparent power of OBC [VA]
23
PF
power factor of OBC
24
I dc
DC current at the CCS-interface [A]
25
Cbat
nominal capacity of the battery [Ah]
26
Vbat nom
nominal voltage of the battery [V]
27
EV consumption
consumption of the EV [Wh/km]
28
Imax OBC
maximum current of OBC (AC side) [A]
SCADA
For the interaction with ev twin we suggest the SCADA with same name.
Component dialogue box and parameters
The ev twin subsystem is organized in six tabs defining the emulated EV.
Tab 1 - EV
Parameter
Code Name
Description
faster execution rate
Tn
The Faster execution rate at which control of power electronic of the inner signal processing of the component will be executed. Should be approximately 5 to 10 times faster than the Slower execution rate. [s]
slower execution rate
Tslow
The Slower execution rate, at which part of the inner signal processing of the communication components will be executed. This execution rate is identical by the connected UI subsystem. Should be approximately 5 to 10 times slower than the Faster execution rate. [s]
EV Type
ev_type
Typ of the EV can be selected in the combo box. This is defines and blocks many parameters. If User defined is selected the EV can be defined by the user.
Consumption
Wh_per_kWh
Mean consumption of the EV is used in user interface to calculate charging speed. [Wh/km]
Mass
mass
Mass of the EV [kg]
Bidirectional charging AC
bidi_AC
Checkbox if EV can charge bidirectional in AC mode. I.e. the OBC allows negative currents.
DC Charging
dc_fast_charging_possible
Checkbox if the EV is prepared for DC fast charging.
Bidirectional charging DC
bidi_DC
Checkbox if the EV is set up for bidirectional charging via DC contacts
Tab 2 - Battery
Parameter
Code Name
Description
Capacity
bat_cap
Nominal capacity of the battery [Wh]
Battery voltage
bat_volt
Nominal Voltage of the battery [V]
Maximum current
bat_current_max
maximum current of the battery [A]
charging complete soc
soc_full
state of charge, when the battery is considered fully charged [%]
bulk charging soc
soc_bulk
state of charge , when the battery shall operate in bulk charge mode.Must be smaller than charge complete soc [%]
Power limits
points_power
vector with power limits, corresponding to the SOC limits [W]
SOC limit points
points_soc
vector of state of charges as x-value for Power limit [%]
preview
Button showing the Power limitation dependent on the SOC.
Tab 3 - AC
The tab AC defines the on board charger and its time behavior with ramps, etc..
Parameter
Code Name
Description
nominal grid voltage (line)
Vgrid
nominal grid voltage (phase to phase) for control of OBC [V]
nominal grid frequency
fgrid
nominal grid frequency for the control 0f OBC [Hz]
delay time at beginning of charging until first set point is settled [s]
delay change power
Tchange
delay time at change of power until the change starts [s]
rate of change startup
roc_start
maximum rate of change to settle the first reference in case of start charging [1/s]
rate of change stop
roc_stop
minimum rate of change to control to 0 power in case of stop charging [1/s]
rate of change up
roc_up
maximum rate of change to settle a higher reference value during the charging process [1/s]
rate of change down
roc_down
minimum rate of change to settle a lower reference value during th charging process in case of start charging [1/s]
Tab 4 - DC
Parameter
Code Name
Description
DC charging power
dc_fast_charging_power
maximum power in case of DC fast charging [W]
DC max current limit
Imax_dc
maximum DC fast charging current [A]
DC max voltage limit
Vmax_dc
maximum DC fast charging voltage [V]
Voltage Accuracy
voltage_accuracy
voltage accuracy of DC voltage in case of ISO 15118 communication [V]
Pre Charging Current
pre_charge_current
Current in case of pre charging just in the initialization of the charging process
Log Level
log_level
Defines the log level for ISO 15118 communication
Log Output
log_output
Defines the log output for ISO 15118 communication
Tab 5 - HIL Connect
Parameter
Code Name
Description
Pin out setting HIL Connect
pout
Combobox defining how the HIL Connect is connected to the HIL-Computer
internal T sensor emulation
int_T
Checkbox enabling internal temperature sensor emulation. If activated the temperature sensors of the CCS-interface are emulated in a temperature range that allows charging. This is mandatory for V-HIL.
internal Rlock emulation
int_R
Checkbox enabling internal emulation of the feedback from the CCS-interface. If activated the feedback follows the switching actions initiated by EVCC. This is mandatory for V-HIL.
activate AC measurement
AC
checkbox activates the measurement of AC voltage and current by the HIL connect via analog signals
activate DC measurement
DC
checkbox activates the measurement of DC voltage and current by the HIL connect via analog signals
CP HW filter C3n2
C3n2
checkbox connects a capacitor with 3n2 to the CP-contact on CCS-board.
CP HW filter C1n6
C1n6
checkbox connects a capacitor with 1n6 to the CP-contact on CCS-board.
CP HW filter C800p
C800p
checkbox connects a capacitor with 800p to the CP-contact on CCS-board.
CP HW filter C400p
C400p
checkbox connects a capacitor with 400p to the CP-contact on CCS-board.
CP HW filter C200p
C200p
checkbox connects a capacitor with 200p to the CP-contact on CCS-board.
CP HW filter C100p
C100p
checkbox connects a capacitor with 100p to the CP-contact on CCS-board.
cut of frequency CP Vpeak
fc_CP_Vp
includes a cut off frequency for the measured peak of the CP signal [Hz]
rate limit CP duty cycle (+/-)
rate_lim_dc
limits the rate of change for the detected duty cycle of CP-signal