ev twin
The sub system ev twin defines the charging behavior of the electric vehicle (EV) and shows the highest level for definition. In the mask it contains predefined EV types with data collected from public data mostly from ADAC and EV-Database. These data mainly contain information defined in the tabs.
- EV: car itself, e.g. mass, consumption, see details of the pre defined EV in section EV Models. It is also defined what high level communication is selected. Also debugging parameters can be defined.
- AC: defines the on board charger (OBC). Beside maximum power also the type of converter can be selected with the check box asymmetric phase loading. If activate 3 single phase converters will be placed and e.g. 1 phase charging will be possible.
- DC: Capacity, voltage level, maximum current depended on the SOC
- HLC Timeout: all time outs for the different phases of ISO 15118 can be defined individually.
- HIL Connect: organizes the interaction with the analog and digital inputs and outputs. It is important to define the pin setup if the HIL-Connect is connected to the top or bottom row of the HIL-computer.
- The checkboxes sensor emulation emulate the sensors for temperature measurement and the lock actuator in the CCS-interface, this is e.g. useful for V-HIL only applications.
- the checkboxes measurement include the evaluation of analog inputs for AC and DC measurements.
- SCADA: defines all parameters for the SCADA svg visualization
The model is prepared for Power-HIL application.
| component | component dialog | parameters |
|---|---|---|
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property tabs
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block diagram
The sub system ev twin contains several high level components that also can be used to model individual EV emulation. The block CCS organized interacting with the external equipment of the HIL-computer. Power Unit contains battery, on board charger and a simple battery management BMS. The charging is organized by the EV charge controller EVCC, which handles external communication to the EVSE, user interaction and the interaction with BMS. With the connected user interface EVCC UI data are available in SCADA for controlling the EV emulation.
input and output
ev twin has connection to the Power Grid, where it can be charged either with AC or DC. Signals can be collected from the single blocks using Signal Picker Source. Many signals of the EVCC are accessible via EVCC UI.
Note: All input and output values are executed with the lower execution rate.
input
| Number | Input | Description | Signal range | Default |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | CCS_Switch | locking (1) and unlocking (0) the CCS inlet | 0 or 1 | 0 |
| 1 | Start_Charge | Starts charging if inp is 1. | 0 or 1 | 0 |
| 2 | I_request | Charging current requested by the user. | float | 0 |
| 3 | Bat_Condition | Enables Conditioning of battery. | 0 or 1 | 0 |
| 4 | Bat_Reset | Resets the battery control in case of a failure. | 0 or 1 | 0 |
| 5 | Stop_Charging | Stops charging if inp is 1. | 0 or 1 | 0 |
| 6 | T amb | ambient temperature | float | 20 |
output
| Number | Output | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | PP_connected | digital output describing if the PP-contact is connected. |
| 1 | PP_Imax | maximum current coded in the CCS plug for the the cable. This is needed for charging according to IEC61851, if there is no higher level communication. |
| 2 | PP_state | integer variable coding the current state of the PP-contact PP_STATE_ERROR = -1 PP_STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0 PP_STATE_CONNECTED = 1 PP_STATE_DEPRESSED = 2 |
| 3 | CP_status | integer variable coding the evaluated state of the CP-contact CP_STATE_ERROR = -1 CP_STATE_A = 0 CP_STATE_B = 1 CP_STATE_C = 2 |
| 4 | CP_Imax | maximum current that is coded via the duty cycle on CP-contact [A] |
| 5 | CCS_locked | digital output describing if the CCS-interface is locked |
| 6 | CC_Imax | maximum current then the EVCC allows as a result of CP, PP and BMS |
| 7 | ch_enabled | digital output describing if charging is enabled |
| 8 | Iset_a | current settling value for phase A |
| 9 | Iset_b | current settling value for phase B |
| 10 | Iset_c | current settling value for phase C |
| 11 | SOC | float value for the current battery state of charge [%/100] |
| 12 | Vbat | battery voltage [V] |
| 13 | Ibat | battery current [A] |
| 14 | DC_status | integer variable coding the current state of the duty cycle on CP-contact DC_STATE_ERROR = -1 DC_STATE_DC = 1 (maximum current is defined by duty cycle) DC_STATE_HLC = 2 (high level communication necessary) |
| 15 | T bat | battery temperature [°C] |
| 16 | Vrms a | voltage RMS on AC side of OBC phase A [V] |
| 17 | Vrms b | voltage RMS on AC side of OBC phase B [V] |
| 18 | Vrms c | voltage RMS on AC side of OBC phase C [V] |
| 19 | P | active power of OBC [W] |
| 21 | Q | reactive power of OBC [var] |
| 22 | S | apparent power of OBC [VA] |
| 23 | PF | power factor of OBC |
| 24 | I dc | DC current at the CCS-interface [A] |
| 25 | Cbat | nominal capacity of the battery [Ah] |
| 26 | Vbat nom | nominal voltage of the battery [V] |
| 27 | EV consumption | consumption of the EV [Wh/km] |
| 28 | Imax OBC | maximum current of OBC (AC side) [A] |
SCADA
For the interaction with ev twin we suggest the of the SCADA widget with same name. It shows an animated animation and control of the EV as shown below. It also gives access to a couple of sub panels accessing the most relevant parts of the model. Parameterization is done in the schematic editor in the tab SCADA.
Component dialogue box and parameters
The ev twin subsystem is organized in six tabs defining the emulated EV.
Tab 1 - EV
| Parameter | Code Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| General | ||
| faster execution rate | Tn | The Faster execution rate at which control of power electronic of the inner signal processing of the component will be executed. Should be approximately 5 to 10 times faster than the Slower execution rate. [s] |
| slower execution rate | Tslow | The Slower execution rate, at which part of the inner signal processing of the communication components will be executed. This execution rate is identical by the connected UI subsystem. Should be approximately 5 to 10 times slower than the Faster execution rate. [s] |
| EV Brand | ev_brand | The EV model is selected by the manufacturer first, this defines the models in the following property. |
| EV Type | ev_type | This combo box finally defines the EV model. |
| EV Parameters | ||
| Consumption | Wh_per_kWh | Mean consumption of the EV is used in user interface to calculate charging speed. [Wh/km] |
| Mass | mass | Mass of the EV [kg] |
| Capacity | bat_cap | Nominal capacity of the battery [Wh] |
| Battery voltage | bat_volt | Nominal Voltage of the battery [V] |
| Maximum current | bat_current_max | maximum current of the battery [A] |
| Power limits | points_power | vector with power limits, corresponding to the SOC limits [W] |
| SOC limit points | points_soc | vector of state of charges as x-value for Power limit [%] |
| preview | Button showing the Power limitation dependent on the SOC. | |
| HL Communication | ||
| Ethernet Port HLC | eth_port_iso | combo box defining the ethernet port for high level communication. |
| HLC type | HLC_type | Drop down box defining which type of higher level communication should be used. Currently supported 'no HLC' and 'ISO 15118-2', 'ISO 15118-2 AC', 'ISO 15118-20 DC BPT'. In the mode 'ISO 15118-2 sim' the HL communication is simulated and pure VHIL-simulation is available. |
| Connection Type | connection_type | If high level communication is not simulated the can be chosen to 'Trusted connection' or 'Secured connection'. |
| Select Folder | select certificate folder | If 'Secure Connection' is activated, the folder for the certificates can be selected here. |
| Folder with certificates path | folder_path_pr | The selected folder for the certificates is shown here. |
| Log Level | log_level | Defines the log level for ISO 15118 communication |
| Log Output | log_output | Defines the log output for ISO 15118 communication |
Tab 2 - AC
The tab AC defines the on board charger and its time behavior with ramps, etc..
| Parameter | Code Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Grid Parameters | ||
| nominal grid voltage (line) | Vgrid | nominal grid voltage (phase to phase) for control of OBC [V] |
| nominal grid frequency | fgrid | nominal grid frequency for the control 0f OBC [Hz] |
| On-Board Charger Parameters | ||
| asymmetric phase loading | single_ph | Depending on the check box the OBC is exchanged. If value is True 3 single phase converters is integrated and asymmetric phase loading is possible. Otherwise the Bidirectional AC-DC Converter (Generic) is used. |
| Onboard charger active power | onboard_charger_power | maximum active power of the OBC [W] |
| Onboard charger apparent power | Sn_ac | maximum apparent power of the OBC [VA] |
| delay start charging | Tstart | delay time at beginning of charging until first set point is settled [s] |
| delay change power | Tchange | delay time at change of power until the change starts [s] |
| rate of change startup | roc_start | maximum rate of change to settle the first reference in case of start charging [1/s] |
| rate of change stop | roc_stop | minimum rate of change to control to 0 power in case of stop charging [1/s] |
| rate of change up | roc_up | maximum rate of change to settle a higher reference value during the charging process [1/s] |
| rate of change down | roc_down | minimum rate of change to settle a lower reference value during th charging process in case of start charging [1/s] |
Tab 3 - DC
| Parameter | Code Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| General DC Charging Parameters | ||
| Voltage Accuracy | voltage_accuracy | voltage accuracy of DC voltage in case of ISO 15118 communication [V] |
| charging complete soc | soc_full | state of charge, when the battery is considered fully charged [%] |
| bulk charging soc | soc_bulk | state of charge , when the battery shall operate in bulk charge mode.Must be smaller than charge complete soc [%] |
| Pre Charging Current | pre_charge_current | Current in case of pre charging just in the initialization of the charging process |
| DC Charging Limits | ||
| min voltage limit | Vmin | minimal DC voltage limit [V] |
| max voltage limit | Vmax | maximal DC voltage limit [V] |
| DC max current limit | Imax | maximal DC current [A] |
| min charging current | Imin_ch | minimum DC charging current [A] |
| max charging current | Imax_ch | maximum DC charging current [A] |
| min discharging current | Imin_dch | minimum DC discharging current (only active for bidirectional charging) [A] |
| max discharging current | Imax_dch | maximum DC discharging current (only active for bidirectional charging) [A] |
| DC max charging power | Pmax | maximal DC charging power [W] |
| min charging power | Pmin_ch | minimum charging power [W] |
| max charging power | Pmax_ch | maximum charging power [W] |
| min discharging power | Pmin_dch | minimum discharging power (only active for bidirectional charging) [W] |
| max discharging power | Pmax_dch | maximum discharging power (only active for bidirectional charging) [W] |
| maximum energy charging | Wmax | maximum charging energy [Wh] |
Tab 4 - HLC Timeout
| Parameter | Code Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| sdp response timeout | sdp_response_timeout | [ms] |
| supported app protocol | supported_app_protocol | [ms] |
| session setup | session_setup | [ms] |
| service discovery | service_discovery | [ms] |
| service detail | service_detail | [ms] |
| payment service selection | payment_service_selection | [ms] |
| payment details | payment_details | [ms] |
| authorization | authorization | [ms] |
| charge parameter discovery | charge_parameter_discovery | [ms] |
| charging status | charging_status | [ms] |
| metering receipt | metering_receipt | [ms] |
| power delivery | power_delivery | [ms] |
| cable check | cable_check | [ms] |
| pre charge | pre_charge | [ms] |
| current demand | current_demand | [ms] |
| welding detection | welding_detection | [ms] |
| session stop | session_stop | [ms] |
| certificate instalation | certificate_instalation | [ms] |
| certificate update | certificate_update | [ms] |
| v2g secc sequence timeout dc cl | v2g_secc_sequence_timeout_dc_cl | [ms] |
Tab 5 - HIL Connect
| Parameter | Code Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Connection to HIL | ||
| signal input | sig_inp | For connection to HIL it can be selected to use 'HIL-Connect' for analog and digital IO, or 'HIL-Connect - remote IO'. With option 'HIL-Connect - simulation' the model is able to run in VHIL. |
| eval CP PWM | eval_pwm | Combo box if the CP-Signal shall be evaluated on 'CCS-board' or inside the model applying the 'PWM analyzer'. |
| Pin out setting HIL Connect | pout | Combobox defining how the HIL Connect is connected to the HIL-Computer |
| internal T sensor emulation | int_T | Checkbox enabling internal temperature sensor emulation. If activated the temperature sensors of the CCS-interface are emulated in a temperature range that allows charging. This is mandatory for V-HIL. |
| internal Rlock emulation | int_R | Checkbox enabling internal emulation of the feedback from the CCS-interface. If activated the feedback follows the switching actions initiated by EVCC. This is mandatory for V-HIL. |
| Measurements | ||
| Core Marker | id_cm | if measurement unit is activated a core should be defined where they are running. |
| link to HIL device | link_HIL | in multi HIL applications it is necessary to force measurement to a HIL device as they are not physically connected to the model. |
| HIL device ID | hil_id | If 'link to HIL device' is activated here a HIL can be selected. |
| activate AC measurement | AC | checkbox activates the measurement of AC voltage and current by the HIL connect via analog signals |
| activate DC measurement | DC | checkbox activates the measurement of DC voltage and current by the HIL connect via analog signals |
| Spike Filtering on CP contact | ||
| steps | steps | steps for checking the limit and to ignore it. |
| delta | delta | maximum allowed delta in vertical direction |
| Threshold DC Com Status | TH_DC_Status_s | Time interval during the threshold for the CP status is evaluated. [s] |
| Threshold DC Com Imax | TH_DC_Imax_s | Time interval during the threshold for the maximum current coded through CP-signal is evaluated. [s] |
| Threshold Error | TH_ERROR | Time interval during the threshold for Error CP-signal is ignored. [s] |
| enable CP spike filter | ena_spike_filter | Enable the software filter for CP signal, this is recommended in some PHIL-applications. |
| Capacitors on CP contact | ||
| CP HW filter C3n2 | C3n2 | checkbox connects a capacitor with 3n2 to the CP-contact on CCS-board. |
| CP HW filter C1n6 | C1n6 | checkbox connects a capacitor with 1n6 to the CP-contact on CCS-board. |
| CP HW filter C800p | C800p | checkbox connects a capacitor with 800p to the CP-contact on CCS-board. |
| CP HW filter C400p | C400p | checkbox connects a capacitor with 400p to the CP-contact on CCS-board. |
| CP HW filter C200p | C200p | checkbox connects a capacitor with 200p to the CP-contact on CCS-board. |
| CP HW filter C100p | C100p | checkbox connects a capacitor with 100p to the CP-contact on CCS-board. |
| cut of frequency CP Vpeak | fc_CP_Vp | includes a cut off frequency for the measured peak of the CP signal [Hz] |
| rate limit CP duty cycle (+/-) | rate_lim_dc | limits the rate of change for the detected duty cycle of CP-signal |
Tab 6 - SCADA
| Parameter | Code Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Scale GUI | scale | factor for scaling the size of the visualization [0.7 ... 2.5] |
| color scheme | col_scheme | drop down list for selecting color scheme, so far 'black' is well tested. |
| Welcome Screen | welcome | if activated a Welcome screen with user name is shown. At stop of simulation this will be reset. |
| Duration Welcome | welcome_time | Time the welcome screen is shown. [s] |
| Update Time | update_time | Maximum time after rewriting and reloading the svg visualization image. Be carful, too short times will make the SCADA freezing. [s] |
Tab 7 - Info
| Parameter | Code Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Source | source | Source for the EV selected |
| Source bat voltage | source_bat_v | Source 2 for the EV selected |