Description of the Single-phase Genset component in Schematic Editor.

Single-phase Genset is one of the sources in residential energy library. The genset includes automatic synchronization with external networks, automatic or manual breaker control, current protection, and is able to operate in grid forming, PQ, and PV modes.

Power, voltage and speed controllers utilize PI blocks with customizable coefficients, automatic estimation of controller coefficients are available as well which is shown to the user and can be customized.

In Table 1 the schematic symbol and properties window of the Single-phase Genset are shown.

Table 1. Single-phase Genset in the Residential Energy library
Component Component dialog window Component parameters

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Property Tabs

  • General

  • Controller settings

  • Breaker settings

  • Execution rate

Single-phase Genset internal structure

The Single-phase Genset main components consists of a voltage behind reactance model of a wound rotor single-phase synchronous machine, a single-phase breaker, a control module in charge of synchronization and power/voltage control as well as current protection and breaker logic, and a prime mover model for machine speed control.

  • Electrical ports:

L+ and L- ports are used to connect the Single-phase Genset to external networks. No ground component is used internally.

  • Default signal input ports

en signal is used to enable the Single-phase Genset.

The internal structure of the Single-phase Genset is shown in Figure 1.

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Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the Single-phase Genset component

Available internal SCADA inputs, probes and meters

  • SCADA Inputs:

SCADA Input Description

reset

This internal SCADA input is accessible in HIL SCADA and can be used to stop genset operation. The default value is 0. Setting this input to 1 will open the output breaker, stop the rotor, as well as stop and reset all internal controllers.

  • Available SCADA Probes:

SCADA Probe Type Description

P

Analog

Shows the active power output of the generator in Watts (W)

Q

Analog

Shows the reactive power output of the generator in VARs (VAR)

wm (rpm)

Analog

Shows the Genset rotor speed in rpm

wm (rad)

Analog

Shows the Genset rotor speed in rad/s

wm (rad)ref

Analog

Shows the Genset rotor speed command that is being received by the prime mover in rad/s

stator flux

Analog

Shows the machine stator flux magnitude in Wb

Te

Analog

Shows the electromagnetic torque produced by the synchronous machine in N.m

Tm

Analog

Shows the mechanical torque applied to the synchronous machine rotor in N.m

V_rms

Analog

Shows the RMS value of the Genset phase voltage in V

I_rms

Analog

Shows the RMS value of the Genset phase current in A

OC

Digital

Shows the state of over-current protection logic (0=No over-current , 1=Over-current fault)

BRK

Digital

Shows the state of the output breaker (0=Open , 1=Closed)

sync

Digital

Shows the state of synchronization (0=Not synchronized , 1=Synchronized)

halt1

Digital

Shows the state of reset SCADA input (0=normal operation , 1=full stop)

  • Available internal measurements:

Meter Description

V_ph

Instantaneous phase voltage of single phase synchronous machine

I_ph

Instantaneous phase current of single phase synchronous machine

Va1

Instantaneous grid voltage after the output breaker on genset component terminals

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Component dialogue box and parameters

Single-phase Genset dialogue box has 4 tabs, allowing for series of customizations.

Tab: 1 - General

In this section, the genset electrical and mechanical properties as well as mode of operation can be specified.

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Figure 2. General tab - Single-phase Genset dialogue box.

The following parameters can be set in the general tab:

Parameter Code name Description

Nominal Active Power

Pnom

Nominal active power of Genset in Watts

Nominal Apparent Power

Snom

Nominal apparent power of Genset in volt-amps

Nominal Voltage (RMS)

Vnom

Nominal rms phase voltage of Genset in volts

Nominal Frequency

Fnom

Nominal frequency of Genset in Hz

Nominal Mechanical

Nnom

Nominal mechanical speed of Genset in rpm

Operating mode

op_mode

Available operating modes:

  • Grid forming: Voltage and Frequency control

  • PQ: Active and reactive power control (external grid needed)

  • PV: Active power and voltage control (external grid needed)

  • External Input: Dynamically selectable mode of operation in runtime. Enables mode signal input. Values: 0- Grid forming , 1- PQ , 2- PV

P Command (W)

P_ref_mode

Active power reference command

  • Nominal: Nominal value is set at all times

  • External Input: Dynamically set active power command in runtime in Watts. Enables P * signal input.

Q Command (VAR)

Q_ref_mode

Reactive power reference command

  • Nominal: Nominal value is set at all times

  • External Input: Dynamically set reactive power command in runtime in VARs. Enables Q * signal input.

V Command (Vrms)

V_ref_mode

Voltage reference command

  • Nominal: Nominal value is set at all times

  • External Input: Dynamically set voltage command in runtime in Vrms. Enables V * signal input.

F Command (Hz)

F_ref_mode

Frequency reference command

  • Nominal: Nominal value is set at all times

  • External Input: Dynamically set frequency command in runtime in Hz. Enables F * signal input.

External Input mode Note: Only corresponding signal commands are shown in general tab, depending on what operation mode is selected. Setting operation mode and/or individual reference commands to "External Input" will show corresponding signal input references on the component mask in schematic editor as shown in Figure 3.

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Figure 3. Setting operation mode as well as all setpoint commands to "external Input" enables corresponding inputs

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Tab: 2 - Controller settings

In this section, several control parameters can be customized.

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Figure 4. Controller settings tab - Single-phase Genset dialogue box.

The following parameters can be set in the Controller settings tab:

Parameter Code name Description

Manual Controller Setting

man_coeff

Enables manual setting of controller coefficients

Pull Estimated values

ctrl_def

In Manual setting mode, pulls in estimated values of controller coefficients based on genset parameters. Values can be used as reference or be customized individually.

Proportional Gain (P)

Kpp_m

Proportional gain of active power controller

Integral Gain (P)

Kip_m

Integral gain of active power controller

Proportional Gain (Q)

Kpq_m

Proportional gain of reactive power controller

Integral Gain (Q)

Kiq_m

Integral gain of reactive power controller

Proportional Gain (V)

Kpv_m

Proportional gain of voltage controller

Integral Gain (V)

Kiv_m

Integral gain of voltage controller

Proportional Gain (F)

Kpw_m

Proportional gain of frequency/speed controller

Integral Gain (F)

Kiw_m

Integral gain of active frequency/speed controller

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Tab: 3 - Breaker settings

In this section, the output breaker operation and behavior can be set.

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Figure 5. Breaker settings tab - Single-phase Genset dialogue box.

The following parameters can be set in the Breaker settings tab:

Parameter Code name Description

External Breaker Control

brk_inp

Enables manual command of output breaker.

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Breaker Closing delay (post-sync)

brk_delay

When internal breaker logic is selected (external breaker disabled), breaker is closed after the specified delay, After synchronization is achieved.

Overcurrent Limit

i_limit_pu

Level of genset current in pu that activates the overcurrent protection procedure.

Safe overcurrent duration

oc_hold

Amount of time that is considered acceptable in a persistent overcurrent condition, before fault mode activates and breaker is opened.

Breaker design note: In modes of operation that requires an external grid (i.e., PQ and PV), Breaker can only be closed if the genset has successfully achieved synchronization. User can check the state of synchronization by monitoring the sync internal probe as explained in Available SCADA Probes.

Overcurrent timer design node: When generator current exceeds the specific limit, a timer starts counting while genset current persistently stays above the limit. In case genset current falls below the limit, this timer begins to move back towards zero with a x10 rate compared to its real-time timer operation.

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Tab: 4 - Execution Rate

In this section, the signal processing execution rate is set.

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Figure 6. Execution Rate tab - Single-phase Genset dialogue box.

The following parameters can be set in the Execution Rate tab:

Parameter Code name Description

Execution Rate

Ts

Sets the execution rate of all signal processing blocks. This includes machine rotor equations as well as controllers and mechanical system.